https://organelles.org/index.php/organelle/issue/feed 2026-04-30T23:18:23+00:00 Lauren Vicuna author.support@organelles.org Open Journal Systems <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The specialized structures within a cell that we know as organelles have crucial and still fascinatingly mysterious influence in the larger story of an organism. Today our understanding of organelles and their dynamics, including morphological changes, biogenesis, trafficking, or interplaying among different organelles is evolving. Research investigating these dynamics and molecular mechanisms, especially in the context of the pathophysiology of human diseases, is essential and has only just begun. What we understand about organelles and their role in human diseases can be expected to expand greatly and </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Organelle</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> is dedicated to making that happen.</span></p> https://organelles.org/index.php/organelle/article/view/25 2026-04-30T23:18:23+00:00 Syamantak Ghosh sbhattacharyya@unmc.edu Sourav Hom Choudhury sbhattacharyya@unmc.edu Kamalika Mukherjee sbhattacharyya@unmc.edu Suvendra N. Bhattacharyya sbhattacharyya@unmc.edu

<p>Amyloid protein disrupts miRNA activity in astroglial cells by inducing miRNA sequestration in RNA processing bodies or P-bodies, thereby hindering extracellular vesicle-mediated intercellular communication through miRNAs. The mTOR activator Rheb facilitates miRNA recycling and export, mitigating the negative effects of amyloid on miRNA pathways. Additionally, the miRNA-binding protein Syntaxin 5 or STX5 speeds up the miRNA export process, possibly by relocating miRNPs from P-bodies. However, STX5 cannot support miRNA repressive activity or recycling in astroglia exposed to amyloid. Therefore, relocating miRNA out of P-bodies is necessary for export but not sufficient for miRNA reactivation in amyloid beta (Ab)- affected cells. Interestingly, Rheb enhances both miRNA P-body relocalization, reactivation, and export, thereby counteracting amyloid-related disruptions.</p>

2026-04-30T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2026 Syamantak Ghosh, Sourav Hom Choudhury, Kamalika Mukherjee, Suvendra N. Bhattacharyya https://organelles.org/index.php/organelle/article/view/31 2026-04-08T14:35:07+00:00 Siyue Qin siyueq@arizona.edu Lauren Vicuna vicunal@arizona.edu Ju Gao jugao@arizona.edu

<p>Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a group of inherited neurodegenerative disorders characterized by progressive spasticity and weakness of the lower limbs, primarily due to degeneration of corticospinal motor neurons. Among the genetic causes of HSP, mutations in Receptor Expression Enhancing Protein 1 (REEP1) are well established, highlighting its critical role in motor system maintenance. Beyond HSP, REEP1 mutations have also been implicated in other motor neuron and neuromuscular diseases, including distal hereditary motor neuropathies (dHMNs), Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT), and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). REEP1 is a transmembrane protein with hydrophobic domains and a cytosolic microtubule-binding region that plays a central role in shaping and maintaining intracellular organelles, particularly the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. In addition, REEP1 contributes to the homeostasis of other organelles and membrane contact sites, including mitochondrial-associated membranes (MAMs), lipid droplets, and endo-lysosomal system. Loss-of-function mutations disrupt organelle morphology and dynamics, resulting in impaired axonal transport, increased cellular stress, and selective vulnerability of motor neurons. By linking fundamental defects in organelle biology to neuromuscular phenotypes, REEP1 provides critical insight into mechanisms of motor system degeneration. This review integrates current knowledge of REEP1 protein structure and functions, emphasizing its role in maintaining organelle homeostasis, and explores how disruption of these mechanisms contributes to neuromuscular and motor neuron disease pathogenesis.</p>

2026-04-08T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2026 Siyue Qin; Lauren Vicuna; Ju Gao